The number of molecularly stratified treatment options available to patients with colorectal
cancer (CRC) is increasing, with a parallel rise in the use of biomarkers to guide …

Genetic alterations affecting transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling are
exceptionally common in diseases and cancers of the gastrointestinal system. As a regulator …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of growth factors control the development
and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms. Work over the past few years has …

In human tissues, normal homeostasis requires intricately balanced interactions between
cells and the network of secreted proteins known as the extracellular matrix. These …

Epithelial and hematopoietic cells have a high turnover and their progenitor cells divide
continuously, making them prime targets for genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to cell …

Howard Hughes Medical Institute Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center process are now
understood. Adjacent to the kinase domain of the type I receptors is a conserved 30 amino …

The cytostatic and apoptotic functions of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) help restrain
the growth of mammalian tissues; loss of these effects leads to hyperproliferative disorders …

Background: It is widely accepted that the adenoma–carcinoma sequence represents the
process by which most, if not all, colorectal cancers arise. The evidence supporting this …

The utility of immunohistochemical detection of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein in
screening colorectal tumors for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) …

Members of the TGF-β superfamily, which includes TGF-βs, growth differentiation factors,
bone morphogenetic proteins, activins, inhibins, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic …