IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, carries a
considerable lifetime risk of kidney failure. Clinical manifestations of IgAN vary from …

Exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm as identified initially via electron microscopy in
1946, are one of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and have been the …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is typically very
mild and often asymptomatic in children. A complication is the rare multisystem inflammatory …

Noncanonical NF-κB signaling differs from canonical NF-κB signaling by being activated
through different cell surface receptors, cytoplasmic adaptors, and NF-κB dimers. Under …

TWEAK is a multifunctional cytokine that controls many cellular activities including
proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. TWEAK …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess accumulation of fat in
the liver. In some cases, NAFLD is also accompanied by insulin resistance, resulting in …

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are at high risk of severe COVID-19. We
measured 436 circulating proteins in serial blood samples from hospitalised and non …

During pregnancy, the woman's body undergoes tremendous changes in immune system
adaptation. The immunological shifts that occur in pregnancy can partially be explained by …

First described as a weak apoptosis inducer, the TNF superfamily ligand TWEAK has since
emerged as a cytokine that regulates multiple cellular responses, including proinflammatory …

Our immune system performs the vital function of recognizing and eliminating invading
pathogens and malignancies. There is an increasing appreciation that the immune system …