Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system recognizes and attacks host tissue. In
addition to genetic factors, environmental triggers (in particular viruses, bacteria and other …

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America
and affects ca. 10 million people worldwide. About 30% of Chagas disease patients develop …

Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of morbidity in many
countries in Latin America. The important modes of transmission are by the bite of the …

In the present review we have summarized remarkable historical data on Chagas' disease
studies putting special emphasis on histopathological findings and pathogenetic theories as …

The role of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) on the development of
pathology in human Chagas' disease was investigated. Two categories of patients, low and …

Infectious disease immunology has largely focused on the effector immune response,
changes in the blood and peripheral lymphoid organs of infected individuals, and vaccine …

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi infects up to 20 million people in Latin America,
and the resulting disease (Chagas' disease) is a leading cause of heart disease and death …

One-third of all Trypanosoma cruzi-infected patients eventually develop chronic Chagas'
disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), a particularly lethal inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy …

The question of the cause and the mechanisms of disease in chronic Trypanosoma cruzi
infection continues to attract debate. Chagas disease, characterized by cardiomyopathy …

Heart tissue destruction in chronic Chagas' disease cardiomyopathy (CCC) may be caused
by autoimmune recognition of heart tissue by a mononuclear cell infiltrate decades after …