Flower morphology results from the interaction of an established genetic program, the
influence of external forces induced by pollination systems, and physical forces acting …

Mechanical forces acting within the plant body that can mold flower shape throughout
development received little attention. The palette of action of these forces ranges from …

Hernández-Ledesma P., Berendsohn WG, Borsch Th., Mering S. von, Akhani H., Arias S.,
Castañeda-Noa I., Eggli U., Eriksson R., Flores-Olvera H., Fuentes-Bazán S., Kadereit G …

Evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated with the episodes of rapid phenotypic
innovation that underlie the emergence of major lineages. Although our understanding of …

Merism in flowers is the result of a combination of a whorled phyllotaxis, the proportion of
relative sizes of floral organs and flower meristem, and pressures from external organs …

Heterochrony acts as a fundamental process affecting the early development of organisms
in creating a subtle shift in the timing of initiation or the duration of a developmental process …

Inferring directions of character transformation during angiosperm evolution is widely
appreciated as one of the most important goals of systematic botany, offering the potential to …

The occurrence of conducting vascular tissue in the pith (CVTP) of tracheophytes is
noteworthy. Medullary bundles, one of the remarkable examples of CVTP, evolved multiple …

The circumscription of Molluginaceae has changed radically in recent years, with
Corbichonia being moved to Lophiocarpaceae, Limeum to Limeaceae, Macarthuria to …

Almost all angiosperms are angiospermous, ie the ovules are enclosed in carpels at
anthesis and during seed development, but angiospermy develops in different ways across …