The development of anti-virals has blunted the AIDS epidemic in the Western world but
globally the epidemic has not been curtailed. Standard vaccines have not worked, and …

Summary The tetherin/BST2/CD317 protein blocks the release of HIV-1 and other
enveloped viruses by inducing tethering of nascent particles to infected cell surfaces. The …

High-level immune activation and T cell apoptosis represent a hallmark of HIV-1 infection
that is absent from nonpathogenic SIV infections in natural primate hosts. The mechanisms …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes Vpu, Env, and Nef to down-modulate
its primary CD4 receptor from the cell surface, and this function seems to be critical for the …

The cellular factor serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) impairs HIV-1 infectivity but is
antagonized by the viral Nef protein. We analyzed the anti-SERINC5 activity of Nef proteins …

HIV-1 Nef is a multifunctional viral protein that contributes to higher plasma viremia and
more rapid disease progression. Nef appears to accomplish this, in part, through modulation …

Nef is a multifunctional accessory protein of primate lentiviruses. Recently, it has been
shown that the ability of Nef to downmodulate CD4, CD28, and class I major …

Nef proteins of primate lentiviruses promote viral replication, virion infectivity, and evasion of
antiviral immune responses by modulating signal transduction pathways and …

Background The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu protein degrades CD4
and counteracts a restriction factor termed tetherin (CD317; Bst-2) to enhance virion release …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and subsequent antiretroviral therapy have
been associated with an increased incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease …