Most language learning research is carried out either in classrooms or among classroom
learners. As Richards (2015) points out, however, there are two dimensions to successful …

Young people around the world are increasingly able to access English language media
online for leisure purposes and interact with other users of English. This book examines the …

Out‐of‐class learning constitutes an important context for human development, and active
engagement in out‐of‐class activities is associated with successful language development …

Language socialization (LS) represents a growing area of interdisciplinary research,
drawing on linguistic anthropology, sociology, cultural psychology and other disciplines …

Developments in the affordances of the Internet provide language learners with easy access
to learning resources as well as interactions with native speakers. This emerging learning …

More than four decades have passed since the language learning strategy (LLS) concept
was first brought to wide attention by Joan Rubin (1975). Although LLS research is prolific, it …

Self-directed learning is one of the preeminent theories in the field of adult education. This
study explored how English as a Second Language learners directed their own learning …

Study abroad is now both an international industry and an experience that can have a deep
impact on students' linguistic, cultural and personal development. This book explores 'the …

This article explores the relationship between reading strategy use and reading proficiency
among 121 adult ESL learners. Reading strategy use was measured by the SORS, and …

Traditional classrooms are markedly teacher-centered. EFL learners are largely urged to
commit themselves to communicative learning environments which help them enhance their …