Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells,
multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation …

Studies of plant–pathogen interactions have historically focused on simple models of
infection involving single host-single disease systems. However, plant infections often …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transfer plant photosynthate underground which can
stimulate soil microbial growth. In this study, we examined whether there was a potential link …

Living things are organized in a hierarchy of levels. Genes group together in cells, cells
group together in organisms, and organisms group together in societies. Even different …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

How does cooperation emerge among selfish individuals? When do people share
resources, punish those they consider unfair, and engage in joint enterprises? These …

We review the morphology, larval feeding habits, reproductive behavior, and social behavior
of Scolytinae and Platypodinae. Their morphology and behavior are adaptations to a …

The occurrence of cooperation poses a problem for the biological and social sciences.
However, many aspects of the biological and social science literatures on this subject have …

Natural selection favours genes that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce.
This would appear to lead to a world dominated by selfish behaviour. However, cooperation …

Microorganisms communicate and cooperate to perform a wide range of multicellular
behaviours, such as dispersal, nutrient acquisition, biofilm formation and quorum sensing …