The Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing mass at an accelerating pace, and ice loss will likely
continue over the coming decades and centuries. Some regions of the ice sheet may reach …

Constraining how much and how fast the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) will change in the
coming decades has recently been identified as the highest priority in Antarctic research …

Atmospheric warming is projected to increase global mean surface temperatures by 0.3 to
4.8 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial values by the end of this century. If anthropogenic …

Geological data indicate that global mean sea level has fluctuated on 10 3 to 10 6 yr time
scales during the last∼ 25 million years, at times reaching 20 m or more above modern. If …

Resting atop a deep marine basin, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has long been considered
prone to instability. Using a numerical model, we investigated the sensitivity of Thwaites …

Floating ice shelves, which fringe most of Antarctica's coastline, regulate ice flow into the
Southern Ocean,–. Their thinning,,–or disintegration, can cause upstream acceleration of …

Over the past 40 years Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica has thinned at an accelerating
rate,,, so that at present it is the largest single contributor to sea-level rise in Antarctica. In …

This chapter considers changes in global mean sea level, regional sea level, sea level
extremes, and waves. Confidence in projections of global mean sea level rise has increased …

Antarctica's ice shelves modulate the grounded ice flow, and weakening of ice shelves due
to climate forcing will decrease their 'buttressing'effect, causing a response in the grounded …

Two degrees of global warming above the preindustrial level is widely suggested as an
appropriate threshold beyond which climate change risks become unacceptably high. This …