Effectors play a central role in determining the outcome of plant− pathogen interactions. As
key virulence proteins, effectors are collectively indispensable for disease development. By …

The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused considerable
environmental damage over the years. However, the growing demand for food in the coming …

Plant bacterial pathogens rely on host-derived signals to coordinate the deployment of
virulence factors required for infection. In this review, I describe how diverse plant …

In the early 1960s, Pseudomonas syringae and other host-specific phytopathogenic
proteobacteria were discovered to elicit a rapid, resistance-associated death when infiltrated …

Phytopathogenic bacteria not only affect crop yield and quality but also the environment.
Understanding the mechanisms involved in their survival is essential to develop new …

GacS/GacA is a widely distributed two-component system playing an essential role as a key
global regulator, although its characterization in phytopathogenic bacteria has been deeply …

Bacterial pathogens manipulate host signaling pathways and evade host defenses using
effector molecules, coordinating their deployment to ensure successful infection. However …

σ54 factor (RpoN), a type of transcriptional regulatory factor, is widely found in pathogenic
bacteria. It binds to core RNA polymerase (RNAP) and regulates the transcription of many …

Many plant pathogenic bacteria suppress host defenses by secreting small molecule toxins
or immune-suppressing proteins into host cells, processes that likely require close physical …

Transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in regulating multiple biological processes by
binding to promoter regions and regulating the global gene transcription levels …