The metrological fields of photometry and radiometry and their associated units are closely
linked through the current definition of the base unit of luminous intensity—the candela …

Well characterised sources of thermal radiation are essential for photometry, radiometry, and
thermometry. They serve as reference radiators for the calibration of detectors and radiance …

Measurement of the state of a quantum system with inherent quantum uncertainty (noise)
approaching the ultimate physical limits is of both technological and fundamental interest …

Detectors have historically been calibrated for spectral power responsivity at the National
Institute of Standards and Technology by using a lamp-monochromator system to tune the …

The review includes results of analyses and research aimed at standardizing the concepts
and measurement procedures associated with photodetector parameters. Photodetectors …

A high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer has been developed at the National Institute of
Standards and Technology to serve as a primary standard for optical power measurements …

Much research is being conducted on position-sensitive scintillation detectors for medical
imaging, particularly for emission tomography. Monte Carlo simulations play an essential …

A laser-based facility has been developed to provide high-flux, monochromatic, Lambertian
radiation over the spectral range 0.2 µm to 18 µm. The facility was designed to reduce the …

The design and construction of a predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED), suggested
to be capable of measuring optical power with a relative uncertainty of 1 ppm (ppm= parts …

Abstract The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt has further improved and extended its
spectral responsivity scale based on the laser-operated radiation thermometry cryogenic …