A systematic survey of 161 known and postulated minerals originating on Mars points to 20
different mineral‐forming processes (paragenetic modes), which are a subset of formation …

The Curiosity rover observed high Mn abundances (> 25 wt% MnO) in fracture‐filling
materials that crosscut sandstones in the Kimberley region of Gale crater, Mars. The …

Sulfur (S) isotopes are used to trace metabolic pathways associated with biological S-
cycling in past and present environments on Earth. These pathways (sulfate reduction, sulfur …

Manganese oxides are important geomaterials, widespread in terrestrial and Martian
environments. Characterisation of the oxidation state of Mn is a central issue in science; this …

Although the habitability of early Mars is now well established, its suitability for conditions
favorable to an independent origin of life (OoL) has been less certain. With continued …

In situ rover investigations on Mars have discovered manganese oxides as fracture-filling
materials at Gale and Endeavour craters. Previous studies interpreted these minerals as …

Spherical Fe-oxide concretions on Earth, especially in Utah, USA, have been investigated
as an analog of hematite spherules found in Meridiani Planum on Mars to support …

Mn‐rich minerals have been found by Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity in multiple
sedimentary and basaltic outcrops at Gale and Endeavour craters, respectively, though the …

We report a new calibration model for manganese using the laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopy instrument that is part of the ChemCam instrument suite onboard the NASA …

Rock varnish is a widespread Mn-rich rock coating commonly developed in arid
environments, but the mechanism for its formation is still under debate. In this study, rock …