Background Neuronal networks in the brain include glutamatergic principal neurons and
GABAergic interneurons (GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid). The latter may be a minority cell type …

In spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), the order and precise temporal interval
between presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes determine the sign and magnitude of long …

Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is a fundamental mechanism through which the
nervous system adapts to sensory experience. Several lines of evidence suggest that …

Learning and memory processes can be influenced by recent experience, but the
mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Enhanced plasticity during critical periods of …

Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) are highly vulnerable to stressors and have
been implicated in many neuro-psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's …

Brain plasticity is dynamically regulated across the life span, peaking during windows of
early life. Typically assessed in the physiological range of milliseconds (real time), these …

The potency of the environment to shape brain function changes dramatically across the
lifespan. Neural circuits exhibit profound plasticity during early life and are later stabilized. A …

Hubel and Wiesel began the modern study of development and plasticity of primary visual
cortex (V1), discovering response properties of cortical neurons that distinguished them from …

Brain circuits process information through specialized neuronal subclasses interacting
within a network. Revealing their interplay requires activating specific cells while monitoring …

Hebb postulated that, to store information in the brain, assemblies of excitatory neurons
coding for a percept are bound together via associative long-term synaptic plasticity. In this …