The circulation of the Southern Ocean connects ocean basins, links the deep and shallow
layers of the ocean, and has a strong influence on global ocean circulation, climate …

Ocean ventilation is the transfer of tracers and young water from the surface down into the
ocean interior. The tracers that can be transported to depth include anthropogenic heat and …

Mixing by mesoscale eddies profoundly impacts climate and ecosystems by redistributing
and storing dissolved tracers such as heat and carbon. Eddy mixing is parameterized in …

Stirring along isopycnals is a significant factor in determining the distribution of tracers within
the ocean. Salinity anomalies on density surfaces from Argo float profiles are used to …

Increasing computational resources are starting to allow global ocean simulations at so-
called “eddy-permitting” resolutions, at which the largest mesoscale eddies can be resolved …

Submesoscale currents and internal gravity waves achieve an intense turbulent cascade
near the ocean surface [depth of 0–O (100) m], which is thought to give rise to significant …

The deep-ocean circulation and stratification have likely undergone major changes during
past climates, which may have played an important role in the modulation of atmospheric …

It is an open question whether turbulent mixing across density surfaces is sufficiently large to
play a dominant role in closing the deep branch of the ocean meridional overturning …

Mixing by mesoscale eddies in the ocean plays a major role in setting the distribution of
oceanic tracers, with important implications for physical and biochemical systems at local to …

Published reconstructions of radiocarbon in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
indicate that there is a mid‐depth maximum in radiocarbon age during the Last Glacial …