Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Rubiaceae) is a plant native to Southeast Asia, where it
has been used for centuries as a mild stimulant and as medicine for various ailments. More …

Dietary supplements (DS) constitute a widely used group of products comprising vitamin,
mineral, and botanical extract formulations. DS of botanical or herbal origins (HDS) …

Background and aims Mitragyna speciosa ('kratom') contains mu opioid partial agonists. It is
widely available, and occasionally used as a home remedy for opioid use disorder. The …

Background: Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is increasingly used in the United States for its
pharmacological effects. Kratom's relative novelty makes for a dynamic situation, such that …

Background Mitragyna speciosa, referred to as “kratom”, is increasingly used in the United
States for self-treating pain, psychiatric, and substance use disorder symptoms. It is used by …

Introduction: Surveys and case reports have documented kratom use in the United States
(US) for over a decade. However, those reports have generally not examined in depth the …

ABSTRACT Background: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use outside of Southeast Asia
has increased over the past decade. Objectives: This investigation clarifies kratom's role in …

There is limited understanding regarding kratom use among US adults. Although
motivations for use are increasingly understood, typical kratom doses, threshold of (low and …

Background Made as a tea, the Thai traditional drug “kratom” reportedly possesses
pharmacological actions that include both a coca-like stimulant effect and opium-like …

This review article offers an outlook on the use of opioids as therapeutics for treating several
diseases, including cancer and non-cancer pain, and focuses the analysis on the …