Examining past research using content analysis can provide detailed information about the
trends a discipline has displayed over years or decades. Disciplines such as software …

The essence of systems engineering lies in enabling rational decision-making that is
consistent with the preferences of the system's stakeholders. Modern approaches, such as …

Developing complex engineered systems (CES) poses significant challenges for engineers,
managers, designers, and businesspeople alike due to the inherent complexity of the …

The design of large‐scale complex engineered systems involves hundreds to thousands of
designers making decisions across different organizations and at different levels of …

Mars exploration has received significant interest from academia, industry, government, and
the general public. Despite continued interest, flying on Mars remains challenging, mainly …

Design decision-making involves trade-offs between many design variables and attributes,
which can be difficult to model and capture in complex engineered systems. To choose the …

Parameter estimates in large-scale complex engineered systems (LaCES) affect system
evolution, yet can be difficult and expensive to test. Systems engineering uses analytical …

In recent years, the use of UAS (Unmanned Aerial Systems) has moved beyond the realm of
military operations and has made its way into the hands of consumers and commercial …

I. Introduction arge-scale complex engineered systems (LSCES) are typically comprised of
tightly coupled interacting subsystems (spanning many levels of the design hierarchy) that …

The design of large scale complex engineered systems (LSCES) involves hundreds or
thousands of designers making decisions at different levels of an organizational hierarchy …