Objective: This review consists of three parts, representing three different possibilities of
interactions between cannabinoid receptor ligands of both exogenous and endogenous …

Studies on the increasing number of transporters found in the placental barrier are gaining
momentum, because of their tissue‐specific expression, significance in physiology and …

Numerous members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily are induced after exposure
to a variety of xenobiotics in human liver. We have gained considerable mechanistic insights …

Adverse environments during the fetal and neonatal development period may permanently
program physiology and metabolism, and lead to increased risk of diseases in later life …

An adverse early-life environment is associated with long-term disease consequences.
Adversity early in life is hypothesized to elicit developmental adaptations that serve to …

BACKGROUND The transmembrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters actively efflux
an array of clinically relevant compounds across biological barriers, and modulate …

The human placenta has a number of protective mechanisms that help to prevent potentially
harmful compounds from entering the fetal compartment. Two important transporter proteins …

Over the decades several ex vivo and in vitro models which utilize delivered human
placenta have been developed to study various placental functions. The use of models …

Methods to evaluate maternal-fetal transport across the placental barrier have generally
involved clinical observations after-the-fact, ex vivo perfused placenta studies, or in vitro …

The regulation of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) is a complex process
involving multiple mechanisms. Among them, transcriptional regulation through ligand …