M Kageyama, SP Harrison, ML Kapsch… - Climate of the Past …, 2020 - cp.copernicus.org
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM,~ 21,000 years ago) has been a major focus for evaluating how well state-of-the-art climate models simulate climate changes as large as those …
Studies of emergent constraints have frequently proposed that a single metric alone can constrain future responses of the Earth system to anthropogenic emissions. The prevalence …
Climate sensitivity to CO 2 remains the key uncertainty in projections of future climate change. Transient climate response (TCR) is the metric of temperature sensitivity that is most …
M Schlund, A Lauer, P Gentine… - Earth System …, 2020 - esd.copernicus.org
An important metric for temperature projections is the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), which is defined as the global mean surface air temperature change caused by a doubling …
Abstract The Miocene epoch, spanning 23.03–5.33 Ma, was a dynamic climate of sustained, polar amplified warmth. Miocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations are typically …
The paleoclimate record provides a test-bed in which climate models can be evaluated under conditions of substantial CO2 change; however, these data are typically under-used …
Political decisions, adaptation planning, and impact assessments need reliable estimates of future climate change and related uncertainties. To provide these estimates, different …
An emergent constraint (EC) is a statistical relationship, across a model ensemble, between a measurable aspect of the present-day climate (the predictor) and an aspect of future …