Mammalian associative learning is organized into separate anatomically defined functional
systems. We illustrate the organization of two of these systems, Pavlovian fear conditioning …

In this review we describe an emerging understanding of the roles of the Extracellular-signal
regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) cascade in learning and …

Background Synaptic loss is an early pathological event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its
underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) …

Abstract Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6n‐3), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid
accumulated in the brain during development, has been implicated in learning and memory …

Class I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been postulated to play a role in
synaptic plasticity. To test the involvement of one member of this class, we have recently …

The cerebral cortex, occupying over 70 percent of our brain mass, is key to any
understanding of the workings--and disorders--of the human brain. offering a …

This book provides the reader with an account of some of the experimental evidence on
which our present knowledge is based. The third edition of this highly successful book has …

Homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) consists of a persistent nonpathological
decrease in synaptic transmission, which is induced by low-frequency stimulation. In vivo …

Members of the Ras subfamily of small guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins are essential for
controlling normal and malignant cell proliferation as well as cell differentiation. The …

The circadian system has pronounced influence on learning and memory, manifesting as
marked changes in memory acquisition and recall across the day. From a mechanistic …