Over 600 million years ago, animals evolved from a unicellular or colonial organism whose
cell (s) captured bacteria with a collar complex, a flagellum surrounded by a microvillar …

This revision of the classification of eukaryotes, which updates that of Adl et al.[J. Eukaryot.
Microbiol. 52 (2005) 399], retains an emphasis on the protists and incorporates changes …

The first animals evolved from an unknown single-celled ancestor in the Precambrian
period. Recently, the identification and characterization of the genomic and cellular traits of …

How animals evolved from a single-celled ancestor, transitioning from a unicellular lifestyle
to a coordinated multicellular entity, remains a fascinating question. Key events in this …

In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has
revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines …

Living things are organized in a hierarchy of levels. Genes group together in cells, cells
group together in organisms, and organisms group together in societies. Even different …

The emergence of animals from their unicellular ancestors is a major evolutionary event.
Thanks to the study of diverse close unicellular relatives of animals, we now have a better …

Sexual reproduction and clonality in eukaryotes are mostly seen as exclusive, the latter
being rather exceptional. This view might be biased by focusing almost exclusively on …

A rise in the oxygen content of the atmosphere and oceans is one of the most popular
explanations for the relatively late and abrupt appearance of animal life on Earth. In this …

Simple multicellularity has evolved numerous times within the Eukarya, but complex
multicellular organisms belong to only six clades: animals, embryophytic land plants …