Lactate (La−) has long been at the center of controversy in research, clinical, and athletic
settings. Since its discovery in 1780, La− has often been erroneously viewed as simply a …

Increased blood lactate concentration (hyperlactatemia) and lactic acidosis (hyperlactatemia
and serum pH< 7.35) are common in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and are …

Muscle glycogen is the main substrate during high-intensity exercise and large reductions
can occur after relatively short durations. Moreover, muscle glycogen is stored …

Studies performed at the beginning of the last century revealed the importance of
carbohydrate as a fuel during exercise, and the importance of muscle glycogen on …

For much of the 20th century, lactate was largely considered a dead‐end waste product of
glycolysis due to hypoxia, the primary cause of the O2 debt following exercise, a major …

Abstract Clausen, Torben. Na+-K+ Pump Regulation and Skeletal Muscle Contractility.
Physiol Rev 83: 1269-1324, 2003; 10.1152/physrev. 00011.2003.—In skeletal muscle …

There is increasing evidence that sepsis is accompanied by a hypermetabolic state, with
enhanced glycolysis and hyperlactataemia. This should not be rigorously interpreted as an …

Utilization of carbohydrate in the form of intramuscular glycogen stores and glucose
delivered from plasma becomes an increasingly important energy substrate to the working …

Until now, catecholamines were the drugs of choice to treat hypotension during shock states.
Catecholamines, however, also have marked metabolic effects, particularly on glucose …

The C1 neurons reside in the rostral and intermediate portions of the ventrolateral medulla
(RVLM, IVLM). They use glutamate as a fast transmitter and synthesize catecholamines plus …