Long-term social and demographic changes-and the conflicts they create-continue to
transform British politics. In this accessible and authoritative book Sobolewska and Ford …

Many parties have seen declines in working-class legislators and increases in professional
career politicians. I argue that career politicians are more likely to adopt policies for strategic …

Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no
formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically …

The politicization of bureaucracy is a widespread strategy to increase the political control of
ministerial departments in parliamentary democracies. It is, however, largely unknown why …

This article presents an examination of class-based inequalities in turnout at British
elections. These inequalities have substantially grown, and the class divide in participation …

Setting a new benchmark for studies of technocracy, this book shows that a solution to the
challenge of populism will depend as much on a technocratic retreat as democratic …

Over the past decade, the UK has experienced major policy and policy making change. This
text examines this shifting political and policy landscape while also highlighting the features …

Political representation in the UK continues to be dominated by white, middle-aged, middle-
class men, but several equalities groups now have an established presence in national …

This paper examines the concept “career politician.” It seeks to clarify, systematize, and
measure this ambiguous multidimensional concept in order to facilitate testing theories and …

Research on parliamentary careers has paid little attention to variations in pre-parliamentary
career patterns and their value in explaining legislators' parliamentary success. Using …