Abstract Calcium (Ca2+) ions are a key second messenger involved in the rhythmic
excitation and contraction of cardiomyocytes throughout the heart. Proper function of Ca2+ …

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are the molecular
correlate of the If current and are critically involved in controlling neuronal excitability and …

Sepsis has emerged as a global health burden associated with multiple organ dysfunction
and 20% mortality rate in patients. Numerous clinical studies over the past two decades …

Fight-or-flight responses involve β-adrenergic-induced increases in heart rate and
contractile force. In the present study, we uncover the primary mechanism underlying the …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal multisystem neurodegenerative disease
associated with progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to death. Not only is the clinical …

Both experimental and modeling studies have attempted to determine mechanisms by which
a small anatomical region, such as the sinoatrial node (SAN), can robustly drive electrical …

The present view on heartbeat initiation is that a primary pacemaker cell or a group of cells
in the sinoatrial node (SAN) center paces the rest of the SAN and the atria. However, recent …

The atrioventricular node (AVN) is a crucial component of the cardiac conduction system.
Despite its pivotal role in regulating the transmission of electrical signals between atria and …

The aim of the study was to investigate any indication of diminished orthostatic tolerance as
a result of fatiguing intensive acute concentric exercise with a successive isometric wall-sit …

Ethnopharmacological relevance β-tubulin is a skeletal protein of sinoatrial node cells
(SANCs) that maintains the physiological structure of SANCs and inhibits calcium overload …