Mapping human brain function is a long-standing goal of neuroscience that promises to
inform the development of new treatments for brain disorders. Early maps of human brain …

Gradual degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, pars
compacta and subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in striatum are associated with …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor
impairments such as tremor, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, and gait abnormalities. Current …

Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or other central nervous system (CNS) disorders
has always been a significant challenge. The nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits …

Neurosurgeons receive extensive and lengthy training to equip themselves with various
technical skills, and neurosurgery require a great deal of pre-, intra-and postoperative …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system.
Individuals experience predominantly extrapyramidal symptoms including resting tremor …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in the world, with
an aging population. In the last few decades, due to the devastating nature of these …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder
worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by severe motor complications caused by a …

In recent decades, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been extensively studied due to its
reversibility and significantly fewer side effects. DBS is mainly a symptomatic therapy, but the …

Purpose The accuracy of minimally invasive, intracranial neurosurgery can be challenged
by deformation of brain tissue–eg, up to 10 mm due to egress of cerebrospinal fluid during …