Placental-related fetal growth restriction arises primarily due to deficient remodeling of the
uterine spiral arteries supplying the placenta during early pregnancy. The resultant …

Homocysteine (Hct) is a substance produced in the metabolism of methionine. It is an
essential type of amino acid gained from the daily diet. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase …

Appropriate in utero growth is essential for offspring development and is a critical contributor
to long-term health. Fetal growth is largely dictated by the availability of nutrients in maternal …

The placenta is essential for the efficient delivery of nutrients and oxygen from mother to
fetus to maintain normal fetal growth. Dysfunctional placental development underpins many …

In mammals, the insulin receptor (IR) gene has acquired an additional exon, exon 11. This
exon may be skipped in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. The IR, therefore …

Provide the best care possible with expert insight and clinically relevant coverage of the
physiologic changes that occur throughout all major periods of the perinatal experience …

The pregnancy complications of unexplained intrauterine growth restriction and early onset
preeclampsia are thought to share a common aetiology in placental malperfusion secondary …

Adverse influences during fetal life alter the structure and function of distinct cells, organ
systems or homoeostatic pathways, thereby 'programming'the individual for an increased …

The placenta is the primary interface between the fetus and mother and plays an important
role in maintaining fetal development and growth by facilitating the transfer of substrates and …

BACKGROUND Micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with significantly high
reproductive risks, ranging from infertility to fetal structural defects and long-term diseases. In …