In humans, the combination of all sex-specific genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences
of biologic sex produces different in vivo environments for male and female cells. We dissect …

Sex and gender differences are of fundamental importance in most diseases, including
chronic kidney disease (CKD). Men and women with CKD differ with regard to the …

Aging is known to be associated with an increased prevalence of multiple chronic diseases,
which frequently causes the use of complex therapeutic regimens. The aging process is …

The objective of this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was to (1) test the validity of
the ellipsoid formula for estimating kidney volume using ex vivo and in vivo models and (2) …

Sonography is a critical component of the evaluation of both acute and chronic renal failure;
however, most nephrologists have a limited knowledge of this procedure. The acoustic …

To evaluate the significance of the renal resistive index (RI) as a noninvasive marker of renal
histological damage and a prognostic indicator, we examined RI by Doppler …

As judged by the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria, renal Doppler
ultrasonography is the most appropriate imaging test in the evaluation of AKI and has the …

Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney is caused by the sudden and temporary obstruction
of blood flow to the organ. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with high …

Background. Knowledge of kidney size is important for clinical assessment of renal disease.
However, there are few studies on methods of assessing kidney size. The purpose of this …

Intrauterine growth retardation is presumed to be associated with decreased renal size and
impaired renal function as a result of stunted kidney development and nephron deficit. To …