The dynamic activity of stars such as the Sun influences (exo) planetary space environments
through modulation of stellar radiation, plasma wind, particle and magnetic fluxes. Energetic …

Theoretical models for the solar dynamo range from simple low-dimensional “toy models” to
complex 3D-MHD simulations. Here we mainly discuss appproaches that are motivated and …

We describe the defining observations of the solar cycle that provide constraints for the
dynamo processes operating within the Sun. Specifically, we report on the following topics …

The magnetic dynamo cycle of the Sun features a distinct pattern: a propagating region of
sunspot emergence appears around 30° latitude and vanishes near the equator every 11 …

Meridional circulation regulates the Sun's interior dynamics and magnetism. While it is well
accepted that meridional flows are poleward at the Sun's surface, helioseismic observations …

Abstract System-level Babcock–Leighton flux transport model–data comparisons are
performed using information theory. The model is run with a maximum meridional flow …

The methods for reducing the observations from the 150-foot tower telescope on Mt. Wilson
are reviewed, and a new method for determining the poleward and rotational velocity …

Abstract The launches of Parker Solar Probe (Parker) and Solar Orbiter (SolO) are enabling
a new era of solar wind studies that track the solar wind from its origin at the photosphere …

We have developed a comprehensive catalog of the variable differential rotation measured
near the solar photosphere. This catalog includes measurements of these flows obtained …

The variable solar cycle of activity is a long-standing problem in physics. It modulates the
overall level of space weather activity at earth, which in turn can have significant societal …