Peripheral tissue damage or nerve injury often leads to pathological pain processes, such
as spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, that persist for years or decades after all …

Since the discovery of endogenous opioid peptides in brain (68, 69, 97,113, 128) and the
pituitary gland (26, 81,105,125) there has been considerable interest in their possible roles …

Increased pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia) and persistent nociception following peripheral
tissue injury depends both on an increase in the sensitivity of primary afferent nociceptors at …

The antinociceptive action of four Ca 2+ channel blockers, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil
and diltiazem, was evaluated and compared to that of morphine using three algesiometric …

Dose-effect curves were generated for the cannabinoids [intracerebroventricularly (icv.)] and
compared with those previously generated after administration intrathecally (it). The ED50 …

1 The effects of the Ca2+‐channel blockers verapamil and nimodipine, on the behavioural
signs of naloxone (1 mg kg− 1)‐induced abstinence syndrome in morphine‐dependent rats …

Calcium ions are widely recognized to play a fundamental role in the regulation of several
biological processes. Transient changes in cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration represent …

The effects of clinically available drugs targeting muscarinic cholinergic, adrenergic,
dopaminergic, and serotonergic receptors; intracellular calcium levels and/or the function of …

Background Opioids inhibit voltage-dependent calcium-channel conductance, which is
essential for the nervous system to be able to signal a painful event. Accordingly …

The influence of calcium channel blockers on morphine-induced analgesia and on tolerance
to the chronic administration of the opiate was investigated in mice. The effects of a test dose …