Contents Summary 1012 I. Introduction 1013 II. The mycorrhizal symbiosis at the dawn and
rise of the land flora 1014 III. From early land plants to early trees: the origin of roots and true …

A survey of 659 papers mostly published since 1987 was conducted to compile a checklist of
mycorrhizal occurrence among 3,617 species (263 families) of land plants. A plant …

In modern oceans, eukaryotic phytoplankton is dominated by lineages with red algal-derived
plastids such as diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophores. Despite the ecological …

Fossils document the existence of trees and wood-associated organisms from almost 400
million years ago, and today there are between 400,000 and 1 million wood-inhabiting …

Although macroscopic plants, animals, and fungi are the most familiar eukaryotes, the bulk
of eukaryotic diversity is microbial. Elucidating the timing of diversification among the more …

Fossilized fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician of Wisconsin (with an age of about
460 million years) strongly resemble modern arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales …

The colonization of land by eukaryotes probably was facilitated by a partnership (symbiosis)
between a photosynthesizing organism (phototroph) and a fungus. However, the time when …

Based on an overview of progress in molecular systematics of the true fungi
(Fungi/Eumycota) since 1990, little overlap was found among single‐locus data matrices …

The polypores with shallow pores from tropical Asia and America are studied. Our molecular
phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit nuclear …

The phylum Ascomycota is by far the largest group in the fungal kingdom. Ecologically
important mutualistic associations such as mycorrhizae and lichens have evolved in this …