Microbial rhodopsins are diverse photoreceptive proteins containing a retinal chromophore
and are found in all domains of cellular life and are even encoded in genomes of viruses …

A planetary-scale understanding of the ocean ecosystem, particularly in light of climate
change, is crucial. Here, we review the work of Tara Oceans, an international …

Channelrhodopsins are used widely for optical control of neurons, in which they generate
photoinduced proton, sodium or chloride influx. Potassium (K+) is central to neuron …

ChRmine, a recently discovered pump-like cation-conducting channelrhodopsin, exhibits
puzzling properties (large photocurrents, red-shifted spectrum, and extreme light sensitivity) …

The electromechanical function of the heart involves complex, coordinated activity over time
and space. Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias arise from asynchrony in these space–time …

Rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins consisting of a common heptahelical
transmembrane architecture that contains a retinal chromophore. Rhodopsin was first …

The Rhizoclosmatium globosum genome encodes three rhodopsin-guanylyl cyclases
(RGCs), which are predicted to facilitate visual orientation of the fungal zoospores. Here, we …

Phytoplankton is the base of the marine food chain as well as oxygen and carbon cycles and
thus plays a global role in climate and ecology. Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses that …

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels widely used as optogenetic tools
for manipulating neuronal activity. The currently characterized ChR families include green …