The antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has demonstrated several crucial properties for
the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we reviewed the main HCQ …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent and severe manifestation of SLE. Along the decades, the
epidemiology of LN and its clinical presentation have been changing. However, even …

Glomerular disease, be it primary or secondary, occurring in the setting of systemic
autoimmune diseases, infections, drugs, or malignancy, affects individuals of all ages. In …

Objectives This review examines the pharmacokinetics, modes of action and therapeutic
properties of the anti-malarial drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ), in …

Caroline Gordon1, 2, 3, Maame-Boatemaa Amissah-Arthur1, Mary Gayed1, 3, Sue Brown4,
Ian N. Bruce5, 6, David D'Cruz7, Benjamin Empson8, Bridget Griffiths9, David Jayne10, 11 …

In the US, approximately 35% of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have
clinical evidence of nephritis at the time of diagnosis, with an estimated total of 50–60 …

Objectives To develop recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus
nephritis (LN). Methods The available evidence was systematically reviewed using the …

Despite advances in therapy for rheumatic diseases, hydroxychloroquine remains almost
universally recommended for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is …

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ; Plaquenil) is used increasingly in the management of a variety of
autoimmune disorders, with well established roles in dermatology and rheumatology and …

Lupus nephritis is an immune complex GN that develops as a frequent complication of SLE.
The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis involves a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. The …