Abstract Urban Heat Islands (UHI) occur in and around cities, leading to warmer
temperatures than in surrounding rural areas. The UHI effect increases energy demand, air …

Assessing the efficacy of mitigation measures for the improvement of the daytime
microclimate has been advised extensively, especially in hot and humid tropical regions as …

Global energy consumption by buildings represents 34% of final energy use and 37% of
energy-related CO₂ emissions, emphasising the critical need for sustainable, energy …

This research uses empirical data and supplementary computer simulation result to study
the summertime cooling effect of different landscape patterns in urban areas in China. It …

Urban warming can significantly increase the energy demand for building cooling. As
temperatures rise, buildings require additional energy for air conditioning, which can lead to …

Buildings account for around one third of World energy consumption and polluting
emissions, thus their energy retrofit is crucial aiming at reducing the human impact on the …

The building cooling load is calculated in most standards using the sol-air temperature (T sol-
air), which depends on the surface properties and the building configuration. This study …

Improving environmental quality to promote outdoor activities, which also aims at providing
social benefits, is an extensively researched field of study. In this study, a sustainable urban …

Thermal environment within a typical street canyon can be represented by the heat
exchange interactions between the microclimate and built-up urban fabric elements …

The courtyard is an ancient outdoor design space surrounded by walls or buildings, acting
as a microclimate modifier in hot-dry climates. This is related to its geometry, such as high …