Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and
others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and …

The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly
recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as …

Pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) compromise cellular metabolism,
contributing to cellular heterogeneity and disease. Diverse mutations are associated with …

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals without biological function, and its
accumulation in living organisms has been reported. The kidney is a target organ in Cd …

As the population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. Due to
intensive research, important steps in the elucidation of pathogenetic cascades have been …

Somatic cells accumulate genomic alterations with age; however, our understanding of
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mosaicism remains limited. Here we investigated the genomes …

The human mitochondrial genome must be replicated and expressed in a timely manner to
maintain energy metabolism and supply cells with adequate levels of adenosine …

Most heritable information in eukaryotic cells is encoded in the nuclear genome, with
inheritance patterns following classic Mendelian segregation. Genomes residing in the …

Oxidative stress (OS) is a chemical imbalance between an oxidant and an antioxidant,
causing damage to redox signaling and control or causing molecular damage. Unbalanced …

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated and transcribed by phage-like DNA
and RNA polymerases, and our understanding of these processes has progressed …