CYP2D6 genotype is increasingly being integrated into practice to guide prescribing of
certain medications. The CYP2D6 drug metabolizing enzyme is susceptible to inhibition by …

Precision medicine (PM) is personalized medicine that can develop targeted medical
therapies for the individual patient, in which “omics” sciences lead to an integration of data …

Introduction CYP2D6 contributes to the metabolism of approximately 20–25% of drugs.
However, CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic and different alleles can lead to impacts ranging …

Interindividual variability in analgesic response is at least partly due to well-characterized
polymorphisms that are associated with opioid dosing and adverse outcomes. The Clinical …

Tramadol (brand names ConZip, Ultram, UltramER, Odolo) is an analgesic used to treat
moderate to severe pain. It is used for a variety of pain conditions, including post-operative …

Background This prospective, observational study was designed to assess the phenotype
variation of the genes associated with pain and opioid use following total knee arthroplasty …

Background The prescribing of opioids to patients for postoperative pain can lead to
persistent opioid use. This review investigated the effectiveness of interventions aimed at …

Background Oxycodone is a commonly used oral opioid in children for treating
postoperative pain. Highly polymorphic gene CYP2D6 metabolizes oxycodone into its more …

Opioid misuse and mismanagement has been a public health crisis for several years.
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) has been proposed as another tool to enhance opioid selection …

Chronic pain is a prevalent condition with enormous economic burden. Opioids such as
tramadol, codeine, and hydrocodone are commonly used to treat chronic pain; these drugs …