Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of non-crystalline single particles is a biophysical
technique that can be used to determine the structure of biological macromolecules and …

Bacteria power their energy metabolism using membrane-bound respiratory enzymes that
capture chemical energy and transduce it by pumping protons or Na+ ions across their cell …

The cellular membrane constitutes one of the most fundamental compartments of a living
cell, where key processes such as selective transport of material and exchange of …

In the final steps of energy conservation in aerobic organisms, free energy from electron
transfer through the respiratory chain is transduced into a proton electrochemical gradient …

Membrane proteins are highly diverse in both structure and function and can, therefore,
present different challenges for structure determination. They are biologically important for …

Membrane proteins play critical physiological roles in all organisms, from ion transport and
signal transduction to multidrug resistance. Elucidating their 3D structures is essential for …

In natural anoxic environments, anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria fix CO2 by
photoheterotrophy, photoautotrophy, or syntrophic anaerobic photosynthesis. Here, we …

Membrane proteins function in native cell membranes, but extraction into isolated particles is
needed for many biochemical and structural analyses. Commonly used detergent-extraction …

Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV) is known in mammals to exist independently or in
association with other respiratory proteins to form supercomplexes (SCs). In Saccharomyces …

Membrane proteins (MPs) play essential roles in numerous cellular processes. Because
around 70% of the currently marketed drugs target MPs, a detailed understanding of their …