Importance: In a patient-centered field such as plastic surgery, patient-reported satisfaction
can measure the success and value of surgery, since it is not uncommon for patient and …

Congenital ear anomalies affect 15 to 20% of neonates and can be categorized as either
auricular deformations or malformations. Deformations involve a fully developed, albeit …

Background: Microtia refers to a congenital malformation of the external ear that is
associated with a range of functional, psychosocial, aesthetic, and financial burdens. The …

The base frame provides a stable support for the helix, antihelix, and tragus–antitragus
complex in microtia reconstruction, and this support is vital to attain a highly defined outline …

Hypothesis Treatment of congenital microtia in adults remains challenging due to the unique
physiological characteristics of the costal cartilages and retroauricular skin, which interfere …

Abstract Background Goldenhar Syndrome (GS) is a systematic polymalformational disease
characterized by microtia, hemifacial microsomy, ocular anomalies, abnormal vertebra and …

Background: In adults, the volume of costal cartilage is enough for reconstruction, but
floating cartilage is hard, brittle, and easily broken due to calcification, in addition to being …

Background Auricular reconstruction is the sole therapy for external ear deformities. The flap
pocket method and the expansion method are currently the two principal auricular …

Background Autologous costal cartilage has gained widespread acceptance as an important
material for ear reconstruction in patients with microtia. Despite its recognition as being …

Objective In auricular reconstruction, the convex structures of the framework determine the
esthetics, and young doctors often need sufficient training to determine the best carving …