The hybridization of heterocycles presents a key opportunity to craft innovative multicyclic
compounds with enhanced biological activity. Coumarins, being broadly prevalent natural …

Psoriasis is a common, chronic and relapsing autoimmune skin disease. Clinical
characteristics of this disease are sharply-demarcated erythematous plaques covered with …

Background A common challenge in systems biology is to infer mechanistic descriptions of
biological process given limited observations of a biological system. Mathematical models …

Background During the onset of an inflammatory response signaling pathways are activated
for “translating” extracellular signals into intracellular responses converging to the activation …

Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney
disease (CKD), prompting the exploration of antioxidants as a potential therapeutic avenue …

Severe injury and infection are associated with autonomic dysfunction. The realization that a
dysregulation in autonomic function may predispose a host to excessive inflammatory …

Withaferin A, a steroid lactone from Withania somnifera, exhibits anti-inflammatory,
immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of …

T helper (TH) cells integrate biochemical cues present in the tissue microenvironment and
produce cytokines that orchestrate immune responses. Previous discoveries have revealed …

NF-kB translocation is the key point in the upstream neuroinflammatory pathways. It plays an
import role in the pro-inflammatory chemokine, cytokine, and various enzyme expressions …

Interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) is a key cytokine involved in shaping the cell‐mediated immunity to
intracellular pathogens. IL‐12 initiates a cellular response through the IL‐12 signaling …