In recent years there has been an exponential growth in the number of publications related
to theory and applications of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Charnes, Cooper, and …

A type-2 fuzzy variable is a map from a fuzzy possibility space to the real number space; it is
an appropriate tool for describing type-2 fuzziness. This paper first presents three kinds of …

To save energy and improve the environment has become a general consensus in the
whole Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation region. This study focuses on the issue of energy …

Auditing energy usage of farming operations is a key step towards agricultural sustainability.
The current systems of tomato production use a considerable quantity of energy. As a result …

This paper examines the relationship of e-commerce congestion effect, productivity effect
and profit generation in China. The technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used …

This article estimates most productive scale size in stochastic data envelopment analysis
(DEA). Jahanshahloo and Khodabakhshi [Jahanshahloo, GR and Khodabakhshi, M., Using …

The blind expansion and increasing carbon emissions of the coal-fired power generation
industry in China have attracted wide attention at home and abroad. To detect the technical …

Congestion is an economic phenomenon in the production process where excessive
amounts of the input cause a reduction of the output. The motivation of this paper is to …

One of the important concepts of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is congestion. A decision
making unit (DMU) has congestion if an increase (decrease) in one or more input (s) of the …

The common concept of congestion is that a decrease (increase) in one or more inputs of a
decision making unit (DMU) causes an increase (decrease) in one or more outputs (Cooper …