Vertical land motions are a key element in understanding how sea levels have changed
over the past century and how future sea levels may impact coastal areas. Ideally, to be …

We depict the relative sea-level rise scenarios for the year 2100 from four areas of the Italian
peninsula. Our estimates are based on the Rahmstorf (2007) and IPCC-AR5 reports 2013 …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

The rate of global-mean sea-level rise since 1900 has varied over time, but the contributing
factors are still poorly understood. Previous assessments found that the summed …

The rate at which global mean sea level (GMSL) rose during the 20th century is uncertain,
with little consensus between various reconstructions that indicate rates of rise ranging from …

Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response
to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its …

Future extreme sea levels (ESLs) and flood risk along European coasts will be strongly
impacted by global warming. Yet, comprehensive projections of ESL that include mean sea …

Deltas are highly sensitive to increasing risks arising from local human activities, land
subsidence, regional water management, global sea-level rise, and climate extremes. We …

Storm surges are an important coastal hazard component and it is unknown how they will
evolve along Europe's coastline in view of climate change. In the present contribution, the …

Since the early 1990s, high-precision multi-mission satellite altimetry has provided a 25-year-
long sea level record from which global mean sea level rise and superimposed interannual …