After nearly four decades of research, a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive.
There are many reasons why the development of a potent and durable HIV-1 vaccine is …

T lymphocytes, the major effector cells in cellular immunity, produce cytokines in immune
responses to mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. Work in the …

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can protect against HIV infection but have not been
induced by human vaccination. A key barrier to bnAb induction is vaccine priming of rare …

Pre-existing immunity to seasonal endemic coronaviruses could have profound
consequences for antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, induced from natural infection or …

Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody diversification and affinity maturation and as
such are vitally important for humoral immunity. The study of GC biology has undergone a …

In this Review, we highlight some recent developments in the discovery and application of
broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); ie …

HIV-1 vaccine development has been stymied by an inability to induce broadly reactive
neutralizing antibodies to the envelope (Env) trimer, the sole viral antigen on the virion …

Humanity is currently facing the challenge of two devastating pandemics caused by two very
different RNA viruses: HIV-1, which has been with us for decades, and SARS-CoV-2, which …

Antibodies serve as critical barriers to viral infection. Humoral immunity to a virus is achieved
through the dual role of antibodies in communicating the presence of invading pathogens in …

Antibodies capable of neutralizing divergent influenza A viruses could form the basis of a
universal vaccine. Here, from subjects enrolled in an H5N1 DNA/MIV-prime-boost influenza …