This article provides a comprehensive review of optimal relay coordination (ORC) in
distribution networks (DNs) that include distributed generators (DGs). The integration of DGs …

Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is a highly constrained and
nonlinear optimization problem. The operating time of each relay depends on two …

The optimal coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays (DOCRs) is of paramount
importance for power systems protection. The optimization model of this problem is non …

An exponential growth and complexity in diverse distribution systems have contributed to
protection coordination challenges. Initially, protection coordination schemes were achieved …

Optimal coordination and settings of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) are crucial task
to ensure reliable and effective protection in power system networks. The settings of DOCRs …

This paper presents an enhanced differential evolution algorithm (DE) for solving the
directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) coordination problem. Comparisons among different …

Directional overcurrent relays are often used in the protection of electrical power
transmission and distribution systems. These devices are installed along the network, and …

This paper presents the solution of directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) problems using
Simulated Annealing based Symbiotic Organism Search (SASOS). The objective function of …

In this study, a parameter tune free enhanced self‐adaptive differential evolution multi‐
objective (ESA‐DEMO) approach has been proposed for coordination of directional …

The Directional Overcurrent Relays (DOCRs) coordination problem is of paramount
importance for power system protection. This paper uses a new metaheuristic method called …