The twenty-first century has witnessed major developments in the field of extracellular
vesicle (EV) research, including significant steps towards defining standard criteria for the …

The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanoparticles (NPs) is rapidly expanding
because recent discoveries have revealed a much greater complexity and diversity than was …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid bilayer vesicles released by virtually every
cell type. EVs have diverse biological activities, ranging from roles in development and …

Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. The discovery of
extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine opened a new fast‐growing scientific field. In the last …

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and, despite new targeted therapies and
immunotherapies, many patients with advanced-stage-or high-risk cancers still die, owing to …

Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for
tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a …

T cells are critically important for host defense against infections. T cell activation is specific
because signal initiation requires T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of foreign antigen …

Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) are the main cellular mediators of the adaptive immune defenses
against intracellular pathogens and malignant cells. Upon recognition of specific antigen on …

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) kill infected and cancerous cells. We detected transfer of
cytotoxic multiprotein complexes, called supramolecular attack particles (SMAPs), from CTLs …

The immunological synapse is a molecular hub that facilitates the delivery of three activation
signals, namely antigen, costimulation/corepression and cytokines, from antigen-presenting …