Osmosis describes the flow of water across semipermeable membranes powered by the
chemical free energy extracted from salinity gradients. While osmosis can be expressed in …

Molecular imaging is a crucial technique in clinical diagnostics but it relies on radioactive
tracers or strong magnetic fields that are unsuitable for many patients, particularly infants …

When pure water is cooled at∼ 10 6 K/s, it forms an amorphous solid (glass) instead of the
more familiar crystalline phase. The presence of solutes can reduce this required (or …

The structures of polymer brushes under confinement were measured using a combination
of neutron reflectivity and a surface force type apparatus. The samples were either poly …

The general set of equations for the equilibrium of two solutions with a mixture of non-
permeating and permeating ions and neutral solutes at each side of a permselective …

The ability of plants to absorb CO2 for photosynthesis and transport water from root to shoot
depends on the reversible swelling of guard cells that open stomatal pores in the epidermis …

We develop computational methods for the simulation of osmotic swelling phenomena
relevant to microscopic vesicles containing transformable solute molecules. We introduce …

A mechanism is presented which drives a fluid flow using two chemically reacting molecular
species and osmotic effects. For concreteness the mechanism is discussed in the context of …

We give a brief introduction to the stochastic immersed boundary method which allows for
simulation of small length‐scale physical systems in which elastic structures interact with a …

Osmosis is a phenomenon of critical importance in a variety of processes ranging from the
transport of ions across cell membranes and the regulation of blood salt levels by the …