The brains of animals show chemical, anatomical, and functional differences, such as
dopamine production and structure of sleep, between Amniota and older groups. In addition …

Feeding behavior of Aplysia provides an excellent model system for analyzing and
comparing mechanisms underlying appetitive classical conditioning and reward operant …

The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is an excellent model system in which to study the
neuronal and molecular substrates of associative learning and its consolidation into long …

The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is capable of learning taste aversion and consolidating
this learning into long-term memory (LTM) that is called conditioned taste aversion (CTA) …

Molluscan gastropods have long been used for studying the cellular and molecular
mechanisms underlying learning and memory. One such gastropod, the pond snail …

Gene expression is differently regulated in every cell even though the cells are included in
the same tissue. For this reason, we need to measure the amount of mRNAs in a single cell …

The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is capable of learning conditioned taste aversion (CTA)
and then consolidating that learning into long‐term memory (LTM) that persists for at least 1 …

The phosphorylation and the binding to DNA of the nuclear transcription factor, cyclic
adenosine 3′, 5′‐monophosphate (cAMP) response element‐binding protein (CREB) are …

In the majority of studies designed to elucidate the causal mechanisms of memory formation,
certain members of the experimental cohort, even though subjected to exactly the same …

44 45The neural circuitry comprising the central pattern generator (CPG) that drives feeding
behavior in the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis [L., 1758]) has been worked out …