Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness. It has long been regarded as
vascular disease, but work in the past years has shown abnormalities also in the neural …

Neuropathy is the most common and debilitating complication of diabetes and results in
pain, decreased motility, and amputation. Diabetic neuropathy encompasses a variety of …

Aims/hypothesis Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, but the
underlying mechanism is still obscure. Here, we focused on oxidative stress in the retina …

Macro-and microvascular disease are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in
patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction represents a problem of …

purpose. To quantify and evaluate the distribution of angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptors
in the human retina. methods. Donor eyes were obtained within 12 hours postmortem and …

Diabetes is known to cause significant alterations in the retinal vasculature. Indeed, diabetic
retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in those of working age. Considerable …

Hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by mitochondrial electron-transport
chain triggers several pathways of injury involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic …

Here we overview the role of reactive nitrogen species (nitrosative stress) and associated
pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Increased extracellular …

The retina is exposed to a lifetime of potentially damaging environmental and physiological
factors that make the component cells exquisitely sensitive to age-related processes. Retinal …

Purpose.: Neuronal and glial alterations precede the overt vascular change that
characterizes diabetic retinopathy. Because retinal astrocytes modulate neuronal and …