The fundamental roles that peptides and proteins play in today's biology makes it almost
indisputable that peptides were key players in the origin of life. Insofar as it is appropriate to …

How life began still eludes science life, the initial progenote in the context presented herein,
being a chemical aggregate of primordial inorganic and organic molecules capable of self …

Polyphosphates (polyPs) are ubiquitous polymers in living organisms from bacteria to
mammals. They serve a wide variety of biological functions, ranging from energy storage to …

How did chemicals first become organized into systems capable of self-propagation and
adaptive evolution? One possibility is that the first evolvers were chemical ecosystems …

The chemistry of abiotic synthesis of peptides in the context of their prebiotic origins is a
continuing challenge that arises from thermodynamic and kinetic constraints in aqueous …

Life's origins have always been a scientific puzzle. Understanding the production of
biomolecules is crucial for understanding the evolution of life on Earth. Numerous studies on …

Polyphosphate-mediated peptide bond formation is central to protein synthesis in modern
organisms, but a simpler form of activation likely preceded the emergence of proteins and …

The biochemical activation of amino acids by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) drives the
synthesis of proteins that are essential for all life. On the early Earth, before the emergence …

Theoretical models of the chemical origins of life depend on self-replication or autocatalysis,
processes that arise from molecular interactions, recruitment, and cooperation. Such models …

Small pools near early volcanoes are recognized as optimal field for the origin of life.
However, the significance of pH variability in the polymerization of biomolecules has been …