1Department of Cardiology, Division of Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Zurich,
Switzerland; 2Age-Related Health Care, Tallaght University Hospital/Department of …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit an elevated cardiovascular risk
manifesting as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac …

ESC Guidelines e341 (1) the specific situation of the patient. In this respect, it is specified
that, unless otherwise provided for by national regulations, offlabel use of medication should …

Abstract Aims The Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC), founded in 2010, was
intended to (i) identify appropriate clinical endpoints and (ii) standardize definitions of these …

2021 Update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart
Failure Treatment: Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive review was conducted on literature published through March 1, 2020. Searches …

Force. The finalized document is approved by the CPG for publication in the European Heart
Journal. The Guidelines were developed after careful consideration of the scientific and …

or therapeutic medical strategies. However, the ESC Guidelines do not override in any way
whatsoever the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and …

Abstract Background In Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million
deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to …

Making a firm diagnosis of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
remains a challenge. We recommend a new stepwise diagnostic process, the 'HFA–PEFF …