We review the field of femtosecond pulse shaping, in which Fourier synthesis methods are
used to generate nearly arbitrarily shaped ultrafast optical wave forms according to user …

Ultrafast optics has undergone a revolution in the past two decades, driven by new methods
of pulse generation, amplification, manipulation, and measurement. We review the …

We summarize the problem of measuring an ultrashort laser pulse and describe in detail a
technique that completely characterizes a pulse in time: frequency-resolved optical gating …

The frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) technique for characterizing and displaying
arbitrary femtosecond pulses is presented. The method is simple, general, broadband, and …

We recently introduced a new technique, frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG), for
directly determining the full intensity I (t) and phase φ (t) of a single femtosecond pulse. By …

We introduce a new technique, frequency-resolved optical gating, for measuring the
intensity I (t) and the phase?(t) of an individual arbitrary ultrashort pulse. Using an …

We discuss the use of second-harmonic generation (SHG) as the nonlinearity in the
technique of frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) for measuring the full intensity and …

This paper describes a novel self-referencing interferometric method for measuring the time-
dependent intensity and phase of ultrashort optical pulses. The technique, spectral phase …

Programmable shaping of femtosecond pulses by using a 128-element liquid crystal
modulator to manipulate the phases of optical frequency components which are spatially …

Pulse shaping by linear filtering Picosecond pulse shaping Fourier synthesis of femtosecond
optical waveforms 2.3. 1. Fixed masks fabricated using microlithography 2.3. 2. Spatial light …