Most of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are covered with firn—the transitional
material between snow and glacial ice. Firn is vital for understanding ice-sheet mass …

Melting polar and alpine ice sheets in response to global warming pose ecological and
societal risks but will also hamper our ability to reconstruct past climate and atmospheric …

Recent observations revealed the existence of ice slabs and aquifers on the Greenland ice
sheet (GrIS). Both affect the ice sheet's hydrology: ice slabs facilitate runoff and aquifers …

We use airborne accumulation radar data acquired over the Greenland Ice Sheet between
2002 and 2018 to identify changes in ice slab extent and thickness. We show that ice slabs …

There is ample evidence for ice layers and lenses within glacial firn. The standard model for
ice layer formation localizes the refreezing by perching of meltwater on pre‐existing …

The Antarctic firn layer provides pore space in which an estimated 94% to 96% of the
surface melt refreezes or is retained as liquid water. Future depletion of firn pore space by …

The marginal areas of the Greenland ice sheet develop streams and lakes each summer,
documenting that surface runoff of meltwater is a major component of ice-sheet mass …

Grigoriev ice cap, located in the Tien Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan, has a rich history of firn
and ice core drilling starting as early as 1962. Here we extend the exceptional record and …

The transport of meltwater through porous snow is a fundamental process in hydrology that
remains poorly understood but essential for more robust predictions of how the cryosphere …

Gravity-driven infiltration of liquid water into unsaturated porous media can be a spatially
heterogeneous process due to the gravity fingering instability. When such infiltration occurs …