In the modern world, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death for both men and
women. Epidemiologic studies consistently have suggested an association between low …

Various approaches to 2‐dimensional speckle tracking have been used to evaluate left
ventricular function and deformation in the fetus, child, and adult. In 2015, because of …

Background—Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects 5% to 10% of newborns and is
associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. We evaluated whether …

Objective To identify different cardiac phenotypes among cases of fetal growth restriction
(FGR). Methods Echocardiography was performed in 126 cases with FGR (birth weight< …

Objective To evaluate the effect of diabetes in pregnancy on fetal and neonatal cardiac
geometry and function around the time of delivery. Methods This was a prospective study of …

Objective To evaluate the effect of fetal growth restriction (FGR) at term on fetal and neonatal
cardiac geometry and function. Methods This was a prospective study of 87 pregnant …

Objective To compare the fetal cardiac morphology and functions of early‐onset fetal growth
restriction (EO‐FGR) and late‐onset fetal growth restriction (LO‐FGR) groups with …

Importance Being born small for gestational age (SGA), approximately 10% of all births, is
associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in adulthood, but mechanistic …

The risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) arises from the interaction of
prenatal factors; epigenetic regulation; neonatal factors; and factors that affect childhood and …

Key points Rodent models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) successfully identify
mechanisms that can lead to short‐term and long‐term detrimental cardiomyopathies but …