Reward seeking is a major motivator and organizer of behavior, and animals readily learn to
modify their behavior to more easily obtain reward, or to respond to stimuli that are predictive …

Drosophila melanogaster has a rich repertoire of innate and learned behaviors. Its 100,000-
neuron brain is a large but tractable target for comprehensive neural circuit mapping. Only …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) are widely distributed within the nervous system
across most animal species. Besides their well-established roles in mammalian …

The behavioral response to a sensory stimulus may depend on both learned and innate
neuronal representations. How these circuits interact to produce appropriate behavior is …

Nociception is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to encode and process harmful
environmental stimuli. Like most animals, Drosophila melanogaster larvae respond to a …

Associative memory formation and recall in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is
subserved by the mushroom body (MB). Upon arrival in the MB, sensory information …

The mushroom bodies of Drosophila contain circuitry compatible with race models of
perceptual choice. When flies discriminate odor intensity differences, opponent pools of αβ …

The physical distance between presynaptic Ca2+ channels and the Ca2+ sensors triggering
the release of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles regulates short-term plasticity (STP) …

Understanding information flow through neuronal circuits requires knowledge of their
synaptic organization. In this study, we utilized fluorescent pre-and postsynaptic markers to …

One way to assess a neuron's function is to describe all its inputs and outputs. With this goal
in mind, we used serial section electron microscopy to map 899 synaptic inputs and 623 …